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Cudworth is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley in South Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 10,977 in the 2011 Census.

The modern village is part of the Cudworth ward of Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council and has a mix of housing types with a great many developments from the inter-war and post-war periods. These supplement a small residual number of more ancient dwellings and buildings reflecting the importance of the rural economy before the opening of the deep mine collieries in the near vicinity at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries.

The village is still surrounded by open space, including green belt, regenerated public open spaces that were formerly part of neighbouring collieries and the remaining agricultural land which still dominates the south and south-east sides of the village. Cudworth has two distinct historic centres known as Upper or Over Cudworth and Low or Nether Cudworth.

The name Cudworth derives from the Old English Cuthaworõ meaning 'Cutha's enclosure'.